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Submarine Cable Diagnostic Monitoring System

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Submarine Cable Diagnostic Monitoring System

Overview

Submarine Cable Diagnostic Monitoring System

  • The system uses a fiber-optic sensor cable installed inside the three-core power cable as a continuous sensor, collecting and analyzing temperature, strain, vibration, and acoustic signals over the entire cable route in real time.
  • DTS/DSS and DAS data are combined with load current, seawater temperature, seabed soil, and cable design data to monitor thermal headroom, burial depth, insulation condition, and external threats.
  • Early detection of hot spots and fault locations, together with vessel, anchor drop/drag, and third-party intrusion alarms, improves the safety, availability, and maintenance efficiency of submarine power networks.
Integrated monitoring of a three-core submarine power cable with an internally embedded fiber-optic sensor cable

Distributed fiber-optic sensing measures thermal, strain, and acoustic behavior along the full cable route, while the monitoring platform integrates seabed conditions and external threats.

Key Diagnostic and Analytical Technologies

Distributed sensing data and cable electro-thermal models are combined to diagnose current conditions and forecast operational risk.

Distributed temperature monitoring using a fiber-optic sensor cable embedded inside the power cable
THERMAL SENSING

DTS Distributed Temperature Sensing

DTS uses Brillouin scattering(BOTDR technology) in a fiber-optic sensor cable installed inside the three-core submarine power cable to continuously measure route-wide temperature and hot spots. No sensors are attached to the outside of the power cable. RTTR, DoB, and ITD extend this core temperature data into advanced analysis.

Additional analytics based on DTS temperature data
RTTR analysis using internal fiber-optic temperature data

RTTR Real-Time Thermal Rating

Predicts conductor temperature, maximum allowable current, and time-to-limit from measured load and temperature data for safe capacity optimization.

DoB analysis using internal fiber-optic temperature data

DoB Depth of Burial

Applies cable temperature and seabed environmental data to a thermal model for continuous burial-depth and exposure-risk analysis.

ITD analysis of a three-core power cable

ITD Insulation Temperature Drop

Calculates insulation temperature drop and electric-field distribution to warn of HVDC insulation deterioration and limit exceedance.

Distributed vibration monitoring using a fiber-optic sensor cable embedded inside the power cable
ACOUSTIC SENSING

DAS Distributed Acoustic Sensing

DAS analyzes Rayleigh-backscatter phase changes in a fiber-optic sensor cable installed inside the three-core submarine power cable to monitor route-wide vibration, pressure, and acoustic events. No sensors are attached to the outside of the power cable. CFL and TPI extend this core vibration data into targeted detection.

Additional detection based on DAS vibration data
CFL using an internal fiber-optic sensor cable

CFL Cable Fault Location

Detects cable or fiber fault events in real time and rapidly localizes the fault to reduce investigation, restoration, and outage time.

TPI using an internal fiber-optic sensor cable

TPI Third Party Intrusion

Classifies acoustic patterns from vessels, anchor drop or drag, seabed excavation, and external work to warn before cable damage occurs.

Features

  • Continuous route-wide measurement and real-time visualization
  • Detection of conductor hot spots, fiber breaks, and cable faults
  • Rapid event localization with accuracy down to approximately ±10 m
  • Integrated condition diagnostics and load-temperature forecasting
  • Threshold-based early warning and operational decision support
  • Support for multiple circuits and diverse installation layouts

Applications

  • Submarine transmission and offshore-wind export cables
  • Offshore wind-farm inter-array cables
  • HVAC and HVDC submarine power cables
  • Cable joints, terminations, and smart-joint monitoring
  • Vessel, anchor, and subsea-work monitoring in protection zones
  • Condition monitoring for connected transformers and turbines

Core Technologies

  • DTS based on Brillouin scattering(BOTDR technology) distributed temperature sensing
  • DSS/BOTDR temperature and strain measurement
  • DAS acoustic and vibration analysis using Rayleigh scattering
  • IEC-based cable thermal models and RTTR algorithms
  • DoB thermal-correlation and burial-condition analysis
  • HVDC electro-thermal insulation analysis and ITD alarms

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